Neurosurgery resident solves Crouzeix's conjecture with GPT-5.6
A neurosurgery resident with no formal advanced mathematics training has solved Crouzeix's conjecture, a 22-year-old open problem in numerical linear algebra, using a 16-hour autonomous run of GPT-5.6 Sol in ChatGPT Work mode. Dr. Shanmu Jin, a postdoctoral researcher and neurosurgery resident at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, prompted ChatGPT 5.6 on July 30, 2026 to work on the conjecture. The model ran autonomously for approximately 16 hours, exploring proof strategies through a branc


